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- Swagata Paul
- Monalisa Mallick
- Paul F. Greenwood
- Norbert Bertram
- Dhananjay M. Mohabey
- Bandana Samant
- Deepesh Kumar
- Anup Dhobale
- Arka Rudra
- Sanket Bhattacharya
- Ashish Chandra Shukla
- Ulrich Mann
- Runcie P. Mathews
- Suryakant M. Tripathi
- Santanu Banerjee
- Pradeep Srivastava
- Prasanta Sanyal
- Sharmila Bhattacharya
- Praveen K. Mishra
- Rajarshi Chakravarti
- Niraj Rai
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- Anoop Ambili
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- Jahanavi Joshi
- Sushmita Singh
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Dutta, Suryendu
- Biomarker Signatures of Early Cretaceous Coals of Kutch Basin, Western India
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PDF Views:81
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, IN
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 108, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 211-217Abstract
The unique position of the Indian plate during the Late Mesozoic draws our attention to study the palaeofloral community from the Early Cretaceous coals of the Kutch Basin using organic geochemical proxies. The biomarkers were studied by GC-MS technique to reveal the botanical source of organic matter. The Rock-Eval pyrolysis data show that samples are thermally immature and organic matter is a mixture of type-II and type-III kerogen. Saturated hydrocarbons are characterized by nC14 to nC35 alkanes with odd over even preference (carbon preference index 1.4 to 3). The pristane/phytane ratios ranging from 0.8 to 2.9 indicate suboxic depositional environment. The occurrence of sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids depicts that the organic matter was derived from conifers. The predominance of abietane/ pimarane class diterpenoids and presence of phyllocladane suggest that Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae- dominated conifer vegetation served as the source material for the formation of these Early Cretaceous coal beds of the Kutch Basin.Keywords
Araucariaceae, Coal, Conifers, Diterpenoids, Early Cretaceous.- Pyrolytic and Spectroscopic Studies of Eocene Resin from Vastan Lignite Mine, Cambay Basin, Western India
Abstract Views :191 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400 076, IN
2 WA Biogeochemistry and John de Laeter Mass Spectrometry Centres, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 6009, AU
3 LTA-Labor fuer Toxikologie und Analytik, Friedrichshoeher Str. 28, D-53639 Koenigswinter, DE
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400 076, IN
2 WA Biogeochemistry and John de Laeter Mass Spectrometry Centres, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 6009, AU
3 LTA-Labor fuer Toxikologie und Analytik, Friedrichshoeher Str. 28, D-53639 Koenigswinter, DE
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 74, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 16-22Abstract
The molecular structure of an Eocene fossil resin (Vastan, Cambay basin, Western India) has been investigated with complimentary spectroscopic techniques. The FTIR spectrum shows strong aliphatic CHx (3000-2800 and 1460- 1450 cm-1) and CH3 (1377 cm-1) absorptions and less intense aromatic C=C (1560-1610 cm-1) absorptions. The major products from analytical pyrolysis are cadalene based bicyclic sesquiterpenoids including some bicadinenes and bicadinanes. The polycadinane products confirm the fossil material as an Angiosperm dammar resin, associated with inputs of tropical rain forests supported by past climates.Keywords
Fossil Resin, Eocene, Polycadalene, Cambay Basin, Western India.References
- ALAM, M. and PEARSON, M.J. (1993) Bicadinanes and other terrestrial terpenoids in immature Oligocene sedimentary rocks and a related oil from the Surma Basin, N.E. Bangladesh. Org. Geochem., v.20(5), pp.539-554.
- ALIMOHAMMADIAN, H., SAHNI, A., PATNAIK, R., RANA, R.S. and SINGH, H. (2005) First record of an exceptionally diverse and well preserved amber-embedded biota from Lower Eocene (∼ 52 Ma) lignites, Vastan, Gujarat. Curr. Sci., v.89(8), pp.1328- 1330.
- ANDERSON, K.B., WINANS, R.E. and BOTTO, R.E. (1992) The nature and fate of natural resins in the geosphere-II. Identification, classification and nomenclature of resinites. Org. Geochem., v.18(6), pp.829-841.
- ANTAL, J.S. and PRASAD, M. (1996) Dipterocarpaceous fossil leaves from Ghish River section in Himalayan foot-hills near Oodlabari, Darjeeling District, West Bengal. Paleobot., v.43(3), pp.73-77.
- CRELLING, J.C. and KRUGE, M.A. (1998) Petrographic and chemical properties of carboniferous resinite from the Herrin No. 6 coal seam. Int. Jour. of Coal Geol., v.37(3-4), pp.55-71.
- GARG, R., ATEEQUZZAMAN, K., SINGH, V., TRIPATHI, S.K.M., SINGH, I.B., JAUHRI, A. and BAJPAI, S. (2008) Age-diagnostic dinoflagellate cysts from the lignite-bearing sediments of the Vastan Lignite Mine, Surat District, Gujarat, Western India. Jour. Paleont. Soc. India, v.53, pp.99-105.
- GOSWAMI, B.G., BISHT, R.S., BHATNAGAR, A.K., KUMAR D., PANGTEY, K.L., MITTAL, A.K., GOEL J.P., DATTA, G.C. and THOMAS, N.J. (2005) Geochemical characterization and source investigation of oils discovered in Khoraghat-Nambar structures of the Assam-Arakan Basin, India. Org. Geochem., v.36(2), pp.161-181.
- KRAEMER, M.M.S. and EVENHUIS, N.L. (2008) The first keroplatid (Diptera: Keroplatidae) species from the Lower Eocene amber of Vastan, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa, v.1816, pp.57-60.
- LAKHANPAL, R.N. and GULERIA, J.S. (1987) Fossil leaves of Dipterocarpus from the Lower Siwalik beds near Jawalamukhi, Himachal Pradesh. Palaeobot., v.35(3), pp.258-262.
- LANGENHEIM, J.H. (1969) Amber: a botanical inquiry. Science, v.163, pp.1157-1169.
- LANGENHEIM, J.H. (1990) Plant resins. Am. Scientist, v.78, pp.16-24.
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- SAHNI, A., SARASWATI, P.K., RANA, R.S., KUMAR, K., SINGH, H., ALIMOHAMMADIAN, H., SAHNI, N., ROSE, K.D., SINGH, L. and SMITH, T. (2006) Temporal constraints and depositional paleoenvironments of the Vastan Lignite Sequence, Gujarat: Analogy for the Cambay Shale Hydrocarbon Source Rock. Indian Jour. Petroleum Geol., v.15, pp.1-20.
- SAHNI, N., SINGH, M. P., BAJPAI, U., AGARWAL, A., ALIMOHAMMADIAN, H. and SARKAR, N. (2007) Ultrastructure of a Lower Eocene leaf surface impression in amber, Vastan Lignite Mine, Gujarat. Jour. Paleont. Soc. India, v.52(1), pp.69-73.
- STOUT, S.A. (1995) Resin-Derived Hydrocarbons in Fresh and Fossil Dammar Resins and Miocene Rocks and Oils in the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia. In: K.B. Anderson and J.C. Crelling (Eds.), Amber, Resinite, and Fossil Resins. ACS Symposium Series 617, pp.43-75.
- VAN AARSSEN, B.G.K., COX, H.C., HOOGENDOORN, P. and DE LEEUW, J.W. (1990) A cadinene biopolymer in fossil and extant dammar resins as a source for cadinanes and bicadinanes in crude oils from South East Asia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, v.54(11), pp.3021-3031.
- VAN AARSSEN, B.G.K., DE LEEUW, J.W. and HORSFIELD, B. (1991) A comparative study of three different pyrolysis methods used to characterise a biopolymer isolated from fossil and extant dammar resins. Jour. of Anal. and Appl. Pyrolysis, v.20, pp.125-139.
- VAN AARSSEN, B.G.K., DE LEEUW, J.W., COLLINSON, M., BOON, J.J. and GOTH, K. (1994) Occurrence of polycadinene in fossil and recent resins. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, v.58(1), pp.223-229.
- Record of Charcoal from Early Maastrichtian Intertrappean Lake Sediments of Bagh Valley of Madhya Pradesh:Palaeofire Proxy
Abstract Views :238 |
PDF Views:116
Authors
Dhananjay M. Mohabey
1,
Bandana Samant
1,
Deepesh Kumar
1,
Anup Dhobale
1,
Arka Rudra
2,
Suryendu Dutta
2
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur 440 001, IN
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, IN
1 Department of Geology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur 440 001, IN
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 07 (2018), Pagination: 1540-1544Abstract
Presence of charcoal in intertrappean lake sediments associated with the Malwa Group of the Deccan trap, India is recorded. The finding provides the first evidence of palaeofire in the Indian late Cretaceous. Though previous studies have shown the presence of carbonaceous clays and coal bands in the Deccan volcanic associated sediments, the presence of fossil charcoal in the sediments is rarely reported. The fossil charcoal was identified based on optical microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (Py-GC-MS). This study indicates that charcoal is derived from burning of plants caused by forest fire during the Maastrichtian (Chron 30N).Keywords
Deccan Volcanism, Fossil Charcoal, Maastrichtian, Malwa Group, Palaeofire.References
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- Edwards, D. and Axe, L., Anatomical evidence in the detection of the earliest wildfires. Palaios, 2004, 19, 113–128.
- Lacaux, J. P., Cachier, H. and Delmas, R., Biomass burning in Africa: an overview of its impact on atmospheric chemistry. In Fire in the Environments. The Ecological, Atmospheric and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fires, Chichester (eds Crutzen, P. and Goldanmer, J. G.), Wiley, 1993, pp. 159–192.
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- Pitkanen, A., Lehtonen, H. and Huttunen, P., Comparison of sedimentary microscopic charcoal particle records in a small lake with dendrochronological data: evidence for the local origin of microscopic charcoal produced by forest fires of low intensity in eastern Finland. Holocene, 1999, 9, 559–567.
- Blackford, J. J., Charcoal fragments in surface samples following a fire and the implications for interpretation of subfossil charcoal data. Paleogeogr., Paleoclimatol., Paleoecol., 2000, 164, 33–42.
- Mahesh, S., Murthy, S., Chakraborty, B. and Roy, M. D., Fossil Charcoal as palaeofire indicators: taphonomy and morphology of charcoal remains in subsurface Gondwana sediments of south Karanpura coal fields. J. Geol. Soc., India, 2015, 85(5), 567–576.
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- Nichols, D. J. and Johnson, K. R., Plants at the K–T Boundary, Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, 2008, p. 92.
- Scot, A. C., Charcoal recognition, taphonomy and uses in palaeoenvironmental analysis. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimat., Palaeoecol., 2010, 291(1–2), 11–39.
- Prakash, T., Singh, R. Y. and Sahni, A., Palynofloral assemblage from the Padwar Deccan intertrappean (Jabalpur), M.P. In Cretaceous Event Stratigraphy and the Correlation of Indian Non-marine Strata (eds Sahni, A. and Jolly, A.), Contributions from the seminar cum workshop IGCP 216 and 245, Chandigarh, 1990, pp. 68–69.
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- Mohabey, D. M. and Samant, B., Deccan continental flood basalt eruption terminated Indian dinosaurs before the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary. Geol. Soc. India., Spec. Publ., 2013, 1, 260–267.
- Scot, A. C., Charcoal recognition, taphonomy and uses in palaeoenvironmental analysis. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 2010, 291(1–2), 11–39.
- Marynowski, L. and Simoneit, B. R. T., Widespread late Triassic to early Jurassic wildfire records from Poland: evidence from charcoal and pyrolytic polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons. Palaios, 2009, 24, 785–798.
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- Samant, B. and Mohabey, Deccan volcanic eruptions and their impact on flora: palynological evidence. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 2014, 505, 171–191.
- Schobel, S., Wall, H. D., Ganerod, M., Pandit, M. K. and Rolf, C., Magnetostratigraphy and 40Ar–39Ar geochronology of the Malwa Plateau region (Northern Deccan Traps), central western India: significance and correlation with the main Deccan Large Igneous Province sequences; J. Asian Earth Sci., 2014, 89, 28–45.
- Preserved Lignin Structures in Early Eocene Surat Lignites, Cambay Basin, Western India
Abstract Views :209 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, IN
2 Forschungzentrum Juelich, Institut fuer Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphaere, D-52425 Juelich, DE
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, IN
2 Forschungzentrum Juelich, Institut fuer Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphaere, D-52425 Juelich, DE
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 79, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 345-352Abstract
Lignite samples from Vastan and Tadkeshwar lignite mines, Cambay Basin have been analysed to elucidate lignin precursor using thermochemolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The thermochemolysis products of lignites are characterized by monomethoxy-, dimethoxy-, and trimethoxybenzene derivatives originated from p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl units of lignin polymer, respectively. The other compounds obtained in thermochemolysates of studied lignites are some resin derived C15 sesquiterpenoids, with a series of fatty acid methyl esters and n-alkanes/alkenes. The methylated guaiacyl and syringyl derivatives originate from the cleavage of β - O - 4 linkages and subsequent methylation of acidic hydroxyl groups of preserved lignin. Gymnosperm lignin is characterized mainly by guaiacyl derivatives whereas angiosperm lignin yields some syringyl-type compounds in addition to guaiacyl-type compounds. By analogy with the lignin structure of modern trees, the abundant occurrences of syringyl derivatives in the thermochemolysis products of Surat lignites clearly demonstrate that the palaeofloral community was dominated by angiosperms during the deposition of these lignites.Keywords
Lignite, Lignin, Early Eocene, Cambay Basin.References
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- A need to integrate metagenomics and metabolomics in geosciences and develop the deep-time digital earth-biome database of India
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PDF Views:70
Authors
Pradeep Srivastava
1,
Prasanta Sanyal
2,
Sharmila Bhattacharya
3,
Praveen K. Mishra
4,
Suryendu Dutta
5,
Rajarshi Chakravarti
1,
Niraj Rai
6,
Naveen Navani
7,
Anoop Ambili
3,
K. P. Karanth
8,
Jahanavi Joshi
9,
Sushmita Singh
1,
Senthil Kumar Sadasivam
10
Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247 667, India, IN
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741 246, India, IN
3 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali 140 306, India, IN
4 Department of Geology, School of Sciences, Cluster University of Jammu, Jammu 180 001, India, IN
5 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India, IN
6 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow 226 007, India, IN
7 Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247 667, India, IN
8 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru 560 012, India, IN
9 CSIR Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India, IN
10 Geobiotechnology Laboratory/PG and Research Department of Botany, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 001, India, IN
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247 667, India, IN
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741 246, India, IN
3 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali 140 306, India, IN
4 Department of Geology, School of Sciences, Cluster University of Jammu, Jammu 180 001, India, IN
5 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India, IN
6 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow 226 007, India, IN
7 Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247 667, India, IN
8 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru 560 012, India, IN
9 CSIR Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India, IN
10 Geobiotechnology Laboratory/PG and Research Department of Botany, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 001, India, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 124, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 26-37Abstract
This article presents applications of metagenomics and metabolomics in geosciences. It emphasizes the significance of biomolecular proxies in palaeoclimatology, the evolution of life, the genesis of hydrocarbons and the role of biological processes in metallogeny. Several examples of breakthroughs with respect using these methods in earth sciences exist, such as the estimating resilience time of landscapes against invasive species. It is unfortunate that scientific programmes using bioproxies have not yet taken root in Indian institutions. Now is the appropriate time to delineate the critical role of biology in geology and establish it as a thrust area of research in India. A molecular geobiology programme would deal with the understanding of varied issues such as microbial heat production and its role in soil processes, the role of biology in mineralization, the use of biomarkers (metabolites) and ancient DNA studies in understanding feedbacks in climate change, evolution of life, etc. This article focuses on the use of metagenomics and metabolomics in palaeo-sciences and the potential intellectual dividends they could provideReferences
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